The Evolution of Matching Sweat Sets in Skate Culture
Intro
In the vibrant world of skateboarding, style is almost as crucial as skill. Among the various fashion statements etched into this culture, matching sweat sets have carved a niche that goes beyond mere aesthetics. They blend comfort with a sense of identity, reflecting the wearer's personal journey through the skateboarding landscape. This article takes you on an exploration of how matching sweat sets evolved, their influence on skate culture, and the reasons behind their growing popularity.
From humble beginnings in urban settings to becoming a staple on skate parks worldwide, these garments embody both functionality and fashion. The fabric, fit, and flair of matching sets resonate with skateboarders, providing a practical edge while also making a bold statement on style. What was once considered simply functional attire has transformed into a cultural symbol, showcasing individuality and the evolution of communal identity.
Exploring this trend, we touch on everything from its roots in street fashion to the pivotal role it plays in self-expression for both seasoned skaters and newcomers alike. We'll also delve into how important comfort, flexibility, and durability are for those who take their skating seriously.
Ultimately, matching sweat sets highlight an interesting intersection of performance wear and personal style, making them a vital part of today’s skate culture. Let’s jump in and see how this phenomenon developed.
Prolusion to Matching Sweat Sets
Matching sweat sets have carved a notable niche in skate culture, emerging not just as practical clothing but as a form of identity and expression among skateboarders. These sets, typically consisting of a top and bottom made from the same fabric and design, offer a balance between comfort and style, fitting seamlessly into the lifestyle of individuals who value both function and aesthetics.
The importance of matching sweat sets in this context extends beyond mere fashion. They symbolize a community's camaraderie and creativity. Skateboarding, often perceived as a counter-culture, thrives on individuality and the culture surrounding it embraces personal expression. Matching sweat sets afford skateboarders an opportunity to convey their unique style without sacrificing comfort.
Defining Matching Sweat Sets
Matching sweat sets can be defined as coordinated outfits that are manufactured from the same material and possess a similar design language. Often designed to include hoodies, sweatshirts, joggers, or shorts, these ensembles not only deliver a laid-back vibe but also enhance one’s freedom of movement—crucial for skateboarding.
In practical terms, a matching sweat set might consist of a fitted hooded sweatshirt alongside a pair of elastic waistband joggers, both crafted from breathable and stretchy fabrics. The aesthetic appeal of such sets lies in their unity; wearing a matching outfit can evoke a sense of belonging, pride, and, to some extent, rebellion, which resonates with the roots of skate culture.
Cultural Significance in Skateboarding
The cultural significance of matching sweat sets in skateboarding is deeply intertwined with the subculture's heritage and evolution. From their roots, skateboarders have often favored clothing that allows fluid movement—something that sweat sets naturally provide.
Moreover, these sets have gained prominence in informal skate parks, streets, and social gatherings, often seen as a badge of honor among skaters. The visual impact of wearing a coordinated outfit enhances the collective image of the skate crew, adding an edge to their presence. Think of it as riding in sync—not just on the board but in fashion as well.
"Skateboarding is a lifestyle that transcends just skating. It’s about community and style too, and matching sweat sets embody that ethos."
From a broader perspective, as streetwear infiltrated mainstream culture, the blending of skate fashion with everyday wear has solidified the stance of matching sweat sets as a staple in not just skateboarding but in casual wear too. The acceptance and popularity of these styles contribute to the ongoing narrative around skate culture, making it more inclusive and expressive for individuals across gender lines.
The impact of matching sweat sets isn't just confined to aesthetics; they carry symbolic weight, allowing skateboarders to express their identity while embracing a collective spirit. Their evolution reflects the changing dynamics of skateboarding culture, providing insights into how trends can be both functional and meaningful.
Historical Context
Understanding the historical context of matching sweat sets in skate culture is crucial for appreciating their evolution and significance in today's fashion landscape. This apparel not only reflects personal style but also signifies broader societal changes within the skateboarding community. Since its inception, the culture surrounding skateboarding has been characterized by a blend of individual expression and communal identity. This duality plays a key role in how matching sweat sets have evolved.
Fashion Evolution in Skateboarding
The journey of fashion in the skate scene is a testimony to its rebellious roots, closely tied to various influences from punk rock to hip-hop. In the 1970s, as skateboarding began to gain traction as a popular sport, the attire was predominantly focused on functionality. Skaters wore loose-fitting clothes that allowed for movement, often opting for T-shirts and denim. Over the years, as skateboarding became intertwined with youth culture, brands such as Vans and Thrasher began to encapsulate the essence of skate style.
The turning point came in the 1990s and early 2000s when the influences of streetwear and hip-hop dramatically changed the fashion equation. Individuality was paramount, leading to distinct styles across different skate communities. Matching sweat sets emerged during this time, creating a way for skaters to express their personality while still being practical.
"Fashion in skating is like a canvas. Every outfit tells a part of the story, a snapshot of a moment in time."
Influence of Streetwear on Skate Style
Streetwear's impact on skate fashion cannot be overstated. Emerging in urban environments, labels that blended comfort with striking graphics began to catch on. Brands like Supreme and Stüssy began to dominate, bringing street culture into skateboarding. The designs were loud and expressive, aligning well with the DIY ethos of skate culture.
As matching sweat sets became trendy, they took cues from streetwear’s bold graphics and relaxed silhouettes. Skateboarders appreciated the practicality of sweat sets, since they provided ease of movement while skating, alongside an effortlessly stylish appearance. This blend of function and aesthetic has crafted a new form of identity in skating fashion—what one wears on the board often reflects their personal story and connection to the larger skate community.
Ultimately, as we delve deeper into these elements, we can see how the historical context lays a foundation for the prevalent trends and styles today. Matching sweat sets in skate culture are more than mere clothing; they are a lineage of expression, identity, and community interaction.
Functional Aspects of Sweat Sets
Matching sweat sets have emerged as a pivotal aspect of skate culture, resonating beyond mere aesthetics. The design and functionality of these garments play a significant role in catering to the unique demands of skateboarders. The blend of style and performance allows skaters to express themselves while maintaining comfort and utility. In this section, we will explore the importance of materials, comfort, and performance benefits of sweat sets, shedding light on their essential role in the skateboarding community.
Materials and Comfort
When it comes to matching sweat sets, the choice of materials can’t be overstated. Good sweat sets are often constructed using fabrics like cotton, polyester, or a blend that offers breathability and flexibility. Cotton has that soft touch, which makes it comfy for long hours. Furthermore, materials like moisture-wicking polyester are gaining traction; they pull sweat away from the skin, keeping skaters cool during intense rides.
Comfort is paramount when it comes to skate culture. A well-fitted sweat set allows for freedom of movement, essential for performing tricks or riding. Loose and baggy options can be both stylish and practical, letting skaters move without feeling restricted. Think about how a constricting outfit can interfere with balance or performance. Finding that sweet spot between snug and roomy is the goal.
Moreover, the soft lining in some hoodies and joggers adds to the cosiness factor. A typical skater’s day often involves hanging out with friends, waiting for that perfect wave of inspiration to hit. Wearing attire that feels good can make a difference in both performance and mood.
Performance Benefits for Skateboarders
The true essence of sweat sets in skate culture lies in their performance benefits. One of the primary advantages is the durability that comes with quality fabric. Regular wear and tear from fall and spills are part and parcel of skateboarding. Thus, a sweat set that can withstand these conditions without losing shape or comfort is a win.
- Flexibility: The stretch in the fabric allows skateboarders to perform a variety of movements. Whether it’s an ollie or a kickflip, having non-restrictive clothing ensures that their sway does not compromise their tricks.
- Temperature Regulation: Many modern sweat sets incorporate ventilation features, like mesh panels or lighter fabric in strategic areas. This helps in managing body heat during strenuous activities, keeping the rider comfortable.
"Wearing the right gear is half the battle; it’s what helps you push limits while looking good doing it."
- Protection: While not a substitute for safety pads, the extra layer from a sweat set can act as a barrier against minor abrasions and scrapes. Combined with tailored features such as elastic cuffs, these uniforms may help protect skaters from the harsh asphalt.
In summary, as much as matching sweat sets have become identifiers of style in skate culture, they are equally about functionality. Swapping out jeans for joggers or a hoodie during a ride is not just a fashion choice, but a strategy to enhance mobility and comfort. The intricate balance of materials, the focus on comfort, and the performance features make matching sweat sets a staple in the lives of skateboarders.
Trends in Matching Sweat Sets
The significance of matching sweat sets in skateboard culture goes beyond mere aesthetics. In the ever-evolving world of fashion, these sets embody a convergence of style, comfort, and personal expression that resonates deeply within the community. As skaters increasingly seek outfits that reflect their individuality while meeting practical demands, the trend of matching sweat sets has taken center stage. This movement speaks to a collective desire for authenticity and a way to assert one’s identity while still adhering to the rigors of skateboarding life.
Current Styles and Patterns
As with any fashion trend, the styles and patterns of matching sweat sets are not static; they constantly morph as new influences take hold. Presently, you can see an eclectic mix of colors, cuts, and designs.
- Bold Graphics: Many brands have leaned into striking graphical designs, featuring everything from rebellious slogans to colorful skate art. These bold statements aren’t just meant to draw attention; they encapsulate the spirit of skate culture, pushing the envelope on creativity.
- Neutral Tones: On the flip side, there’s also a growing preference for minimalist aesthetics that bring in earthy, muted tones – think beiges, grays, and deep greens. These choices reflect a more laid-back attitude, allowing skaters to blend in yet stand out in subtle ways.
- Mix-and-Match Patterns: A standout trend is the use of diverse patterns in one outfit. Polka dots paired with florals or stripes can create unique combinations that challenge traditional notions of what matching truly means. This trend encourages skaters to play with their wardrobe, ensuring that every outing can have a fresh look.
"Fashion is about diversity – breaking the mold in a world that often encourages conformity. Matching sweat sets are a vehicle for that expression."
Celebrity Influences on Trends
In a society where celebrity culture often dictates fashion choices, it’s no surprise that skateboarders look to their favorite influencers to shape their styles. This cross-pollination has been instrumental in elevating matching sweat sets from personal choice to cultural phenomenon.
- High-Profile Endorsements: Big-name athletes and celebrities wearing matching sweat sets have cemented them in the skateboarding zeitgeist. For example, actions from figures like Tony Hawk or Nyjah Huston resonate deeply with young skaters, often leading to copycat effects. These personalities not only lend credibility but elevate these apparel choices into statements of identity.
- Social Media Impact: Platforms like Instagram and TikTok have empowered skaters to showcase their personal styles to vast audiences. Users post videos and photos striding through skate parks in their matching apparel, effortlessly influencing others. The visual nature of these platforms accentuates the appeal of matching sweat sets as they become synonymous with coolness and style.
- Fashion Collaborations: The intersection of skateboarding and mainstream fashion has also led to high-stakes collaborations. Limited edition sweat sets designed by popular streetwear labels or well-known artists have captured attention and sparked conversations around what it means to dress within skate culture. These sets often sell out within minutes, indicating a high demand and the shift in perception from functional clothing to sought-after fashion items.
Personal Expression Through Matching Sets
In skate culture, the ability to express individuality has always been paramount. Matching sweat sets afford skaters a unique canvas to showcase their personal style while adhering to an overall aesthetic that resonates with the community. Beyond functionality and fit, these sets serve as a visual language through which identity is communicated. The importance of personal expression in skatewear cannot be overstated, as it often reflects the wearer's experiences, influences, and aspirations.
Diversity in Styling Choices
The variety of options within matching sweat sets allows for a broad spectrum of styling choices. This isn’t just about color combinations or patterns; it’s about creating a particular vibe. For instance, a skater might opt for a pastel-colored set to radiate a mellow, laid-back persona, while another could choose bold neon shades to stand out in a crowd. The way these sets can be mixed and matched with other pieces of one’s wardrobe - like a classic pair of Vans or even a more avant-garde shoe - further enhances the ability to personalize looks.
- Unique Trends: Skaters often draw from various sources. From punk rock to hip-hop influences, the unexpected combinations become a statement. One might see oversized hoodies paired with slim-fit joggers or print-heavy sets that clash yet converse effortlessly.
- Accessories Matter: Accessories also play a crucial role in individual expression. A simple beanie or a colorful bracelet can elevate a matching set, allowing skaters to infuse more of their personality into their outfits.
The diversity in styling choices is a celebration of personal taste. Each skater’s choice speaks volumes, turning the skate park into a vibrant gallery of self-expression.
Sustainability and Ethical Considerations
The conversation around fashion has increasingly turned towards sustainability, and matching sweat sets are no exception. A growing awareness among skateboarders means that many are now prioritizing brands that advocate for sustainable practices. This change reflects their values and a commitment to a better planet.
- Eco-Friendly Materials: Brands that use organic cotton or recycled polyester in their sweat sets are becoming more popular. When a skater chooses a product made with sustainable materials, it sends a message of care, both for style and the environment.
- Ethical Manufacturing: Beyond the materials, the conditions under which these garments are produced matter. Fair labor practices and transparency in the supply chain are important considerations. Skaters are leaning towards companies that prioritize these factors, aligning their purchasing decisions with their ethics.
"Fashion isn't just about how you look; it's about what you stand for."
Matching sweat sets have, thus, become vessels of personal narrative, blending style with a sense of responsibility. They indicate a willingness to engage with broader societal issues while still embracing individuality in a culture that thrives on authenticity.
Impact on Skateboarding Culture
In the realm of skateboarding, matching sweat sets have translated into more than just a passing trend. They’re carving a niche with significant implications on both stylistic expression and social interaction within the skating community. These sets reflect a broader cultural framework, serving as a medium through which skateboarders articulate identity, values, and group alignment. Moreover, they challenge the longstanding stereotypes that have pervaded this sport.
Breaking Down Gender Norms
Matching sweat sets have emerged as powerful tools for dismantling traditional gender norms within skate culture. Historically, skating has been thought of as a predominantly male domain, with rigid expectations around how participants should present themselves. Today, brands like Supreme and Palace have stepped into the spotlight, offering unisex designs and styles that transcend gender-specific categories. As a result, both male and female skaters are ditching the old labels, opting for coordinated outfits that allow for personal expression without the constraints of societal norms.
The blending of designs suitable for all genders fosters an inclusive environment that encourages participation from a wider demographic. Many brands are now creating lines specifically aimed at women, which has made it easier for those female skateboarders to find outfits that resonate with their style. The impact is evident: social media feeds are alive with vibrant images of skaters, regardless of gender, showcasing their matching sweat sets with pride. This shift not only opens doors but also reinforces that skateboarding is, at its core, about the love of the sport and community, rather than simply a uniform prescription.
Building Community through Fashion Choices
Fashion, as subjective as it may be, functions as a glue binding together members of the skate community. Matching sweat sets play a central role in building this connection by promoting a sense of belonging. When skateboarders don similar outfits, it transmits a collective identity. Think of it as wearing a badge of honor that says, "I’m part of this crew."
Tournaments and events become lively showcases where participants express unity or rivalry through their clothing. They wear their favorite brands not just for aesthetics but as representations of their allegiance to both the brand and the culture. This camaraderie is palpable when visitors to skate parks spot groups wearing matching outfits, which often sparks conversations among skaters who might otherwise be strangers. The resulting dialogue fosters friendships that might extend far beyond skating.
Furthermore, community-driven initiatives often emerge around specific matching sweat sets. Local skate shops might host events encouraging folks to come dressed in their best coordinated wear, facilitating meetups within the scene. Thes gatherings break barriers and invite diverse backgrounds into the fold, reinforcing that skateboarding culture is about shared experiences, friendship, and mutual support.
"It’s not just about the board; it’s about the people you skate with and the gear that brings you together. Match it up and feel it!"
As the trend of matching sweat sets pushes into the future, the surfacing dynamics within skate culture promise to enshrine unity and challenge identity with greater fervor than ever before.
Brand Collaborations and Innovations
Brand collaborations in the realm of matching sweat sets have ushered in a new era, one where skate culture meets high fashion and street sensibility. Such partnerships are critical as they not only elevate the visibility of the brands involved but also offer fresh influences that can redefine skate fashion on multiple levels. These collaborations allow skaters to wear something that feels authentic yet innovative, a combination often sought after in their apparel choices. This blending of style and function offers various benefits, including expanded market reach and the introduction of unique designs that cater to the specific tastes of skateboarders.
Exclusive Limited Edition Lines
The concept of limited edition lines has gained significant traction within skate culture. By creating exclusive drops, brands instill a sense of urgency and anticipation among skater communities. These unique collections often boast eye-catching designs, rare materials, or collaborations with well-known figures in the skate world.
- Authenticity: Limited releases resonate deeply with skaters who value originality. Wearing something scarce often comes with a badge of honor within the community.
- Cultural Relevance: Such collaborations can cross over into art and music, tapping into the rich tapestry of influences that skate culture embodies. Brands often team up with famous skaters, musicians, or graffiti artists.
"A limited edition sweat set is like a trophy. You wear it not just for style, but to uphold a piece of culture, making you feel part of a unique story."
Another aspect to consider is how these limited lines are marketed. Social media hype, influencer endorsements, and even local skate shop promotions often lead to a frenzy at launch events. With the urgency created around exclusivity, many skaters feel compelled to purchase quickly, ensuring they are part of the latest trend before it disappears.
Collaborations with Artists and Designers
The intersection of art and fashion has never been more pronounced, especially within the skate community. Collaborations with renowned artists and designers can transform a simple sweat set into a canvas that tells a story. This is not just about the aesthetics; it’s about the deep connection and messages conveyed through design.
- Artistic Statement: Designers who skate or understand the culture can infuse their works with elements that are relatable to skaters. A well-designed piece often reflects the struggles, joys, and identity of skateboarding, making it more than just a piece of clothing.
- Community Engagement: Bringing artists into the mix fosters a sense of community. Collectively, the skaters and artists can create a dialogue around the garment, enhancing its value beyond the physical product.
In this evolving arena, brands like Nike SB have consistently collaborated with street artists, leading to the creation of skates that speak volumes about the merging of lifestyles. The dynamic between artist and skater enriches not only the apparel but the overall culture, creating a cycle of inspiration and innovation.
Through these collaborations, matching sweat sets become more than just a trend; they embody the voice of a generation that seeks authenticity, creativity, and connection. As skateboarders don these exclusive, artistically-driven pieces, they carry forward the legacy of skate culture into a new era of expression.
Consumer Insights
Understanding consumer insights in the context of matching sweat sets is vital for grasping the current dynamics in skate culture. This section aims to unravel skaters' preferences, their buying behavior, and what drives their decisions in selecting apparel. By analyzing these elements, we can appreciate how matching sweat sets align with the needs and values of skateboarders.
Skater Preferences in Apparel
When it comes to apparel, skateboarders aren't just looking for something that looks good. They want clothing that works for their lifestyle. From the streets to skate parks, it’s essential for outfits to be both practical and stylish.
Key Preferences
- Durability: Skateboarding is a physically demanding activity, and garments undergo a lot of stress. Thus, skateboarders tend to favor brands known for tough, quality materials that can withstand wear and tear.
- Fit and Comfort: The freedom of movement is non-negotiable. Many skaters prefer loose-fitting sweat sets, allowing them to maneuver easily while performing tricks. The importance of comfort can't be underestimated; there's a reason many skaters gravitate towards the softness of cotton blends.
- Aesthetic Value: While functionality dominates, style remains a close second. Unique designs, eye-catching colors, and logos that resonate with one's identity often play a significant role. Matching sweat sets that feature distinctive patterns or themes that echo skate culture aesthetics catch the eye and define individuality.
Skaters often share their style across social media channels such as reddit.com and through skateboarding influencers on platforms like Facebook. The connection between these channels and consumer behavior highlights that brands need to be savvy in digital marketing to cater to this crowd effectively.
Price Sensitivity and Value Perception
Price sensitivity among skateboarders tends to vary based on factors such as age, income, and priorities. Still, it remains a solid aspect of consumer behavior when shopping for matching sweat sets.
Considerations:
- Budget Constraints: Many skateboarders, especially younger ones, operate within tight budgets. This often influences their choices, steering them towards affordable brands or sales.
- Value for Money: Skaters look for quality over quantity. Investing in a higher-priced sweat set that promises longevity translates into better cost per wear. Many would rather spend a little more for durability and style than buy cheaper items that don’t last long.
- Community Influence: Word of mouth plays a massive role in shaping perceptions on price and value. Recommendations from fellow skaters or reviews posted on platforms like brittanica.com can sway decisions significantly.
Future of Matching Sweat Sets in Skateboarding
As the skateboard scene continues to evolve, the future of matching sweat sets appears promising. Skateboarding is not just a sport; it's an expression of identity, lifestyle, and creativity. The way skateboarders choose to dress has always reflected broader trends in culture and society. In this section, we will explore what lies ahead regarding the design, functionality, and societal influence of matching sweat sets in the skateboarding community.
Predicted Trends and Innovations
The future trends surrounding matching sweat sets in skate culture are likely to embrace a more sustainable approach, drawing on recycled materials and environmentally-friendly production methods. As the world increasingly recognizes the importance of sustainability, this shift can transform how skateboarders think about their clothing. Many brands are starting to innovate with fabrics that not only feel good but are also kind to the planet.
Moreover, technology is set to play a significant role. We may start seeing smart fabrics that change color or pattern based on the skater's body temperature or even blends that improve performance as the skater moves. Imagine wearing a matching sweat set that keeps you cool when you're pushing hard at the skate park.
Skateboarding culture thrives on individuality. Consequently, customization options will likely increase, enabling skaters to modify their sweat sets with patches or embroidery that showcase their personality. Personal expression will remain at the core of these predicted trends, celebrating the unique identities within the skateboarding community.
Potential Shifts in Skateboarding Fashion
Regarding shifts in skateboarding fashion, we might observe a significant blending of styles. As urban fashion continues to influence skate culture, more matching sweat sets could adopt streetwear aesthetics while retaining functionality. This fusion can make them more appealing not only to skaters but also to a wider audience looking for casual yet stylish wear.
With the rise of social media influencers and the constant saturation of skate content online, what’s deemed fashionable is rapidly-changing. Skateboarding is moving beyond just a subculture; it is becoming a lifestyle brand that snatches the attention of various demographics. Smart collaborations between skate brands and high-fashion labels may challenge and redefine what is deemed acceptable in skateboarding attire. Expect to see matching sets that differ markedly from traditional styles, pushing boundaries and establishing new norms in how skateboarders dress.
Additionally, a growing acceptance of gender fluidity may prompt brands to create unisex sweat sets, making fashion more inclusive. This shift won't just resonate with the audience; it will also pave the way for diverse expressions of style in the community.
"The evolution of skateboard fashion is a reflection not just of the sport, but of broader social changes that impact how communities form and express themselves."
The unpredictable nature of fashion means that while we can anticipate these trends, the actual manifestation within the skate culture landscape may take unexpected turns. Matching sweat sets will indeed be at the center of an ongoing conversation about identity, expression, and community cohesion in the years ahead.
Finale: The Interplay of Style and Functionality
In the dynamic realm of skate culture, matching sweat sets have carved out a niche that speaks volumes about the shifting perceptions of style, identity, and functionality. As we unwind the strings of how these garments have evolved, it’s clear they aren’t just thread and fabric stitched together; they symbolize a cultural shift that resonates deeply within the skateboarding community.
Recapping the Evolution of Sweat Sets
From their humble beginnings linked to athletic teams and casual wear, sweat sets have transformed into a canvas for expression among skateboarders. Early adopters appreciated their comfort and utility, which made them ideal for the demanding nature of skating. As the sport progressed, so did the aesthetic associated with it, leading to sweat sets being embraced by the subcultural zeitgeist. What once were simply garments slipped on before a session have evolved into statements of individuality.
Brands have also played a crucial role in this journey, merging function with high fashion. Collaboration between established streetwear labels and skate brands has propelled matching sweat sets to the forefront of skate apparel. No longer the generic tracksuit, today’s offerings showcase vibrant colors, patterns, and even exclusive artist collaborations. These sets have become multifaceted, suitable for both skating and casual outings, illustrating a blend of performance and style that appeals to a wide demographic of skateboarders.
Final Thoughts on their Influence in Skate Culture
It’s undeniable that matching sweat sets have significantly influenced skate culture. Skateboarders now view these outfits not merely as clothing but as extensions of their personalities. The acceptance and normalization of diverse styles foster a sense of belonging and community, enabling skaters to connect over shared interests. Furthermore, the incorporation of sustainable materials and ethical practices in production reflects broader social movements within the sport—values of responsibility and awareness are increasingly critical in the choices skateboarders make.
"In every carve, flip, or grind, there’s an unspoken narrative wrapped in style and comfort, and matching sweat sets are at its heart."
The journey of matching sweat sets in skateboarding intertwines seamlessly with the evolution of the sport itself. As styles continue to change and skateboarding embraces new generations, it’s likely that these sweat sets will remain relevant, adapting to the preferences and values of the skaters of tomorrow.
